A Mobile App to Promote Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Preterm Infants' Mothers: Development and Validation.

Improving breastfeeding rates is a global goal. To achieve it, actions targeting modifiable factors that influence the breastfeeding experience, such as maternal self-efficacy, could be a promising path, especially with preterm infants' mothers. Considering the current ubiquitous technology, we developed a mobile application for mothers of preterm infants to constitute a breastfeeding information and support platform. The study was developed in three phases: a survey to determine characteristics and preferences of preterm infants' mothers; the app development by an interdisciplinary team, following the principles of Disciplined Agile Delivery; and the face and content validation by 10 professionals. The app contains 80 screens and 11 strategies to address prematurity, lactation, breastfeeding, peer support, maternal emotions, resilience, and motivation. Nurses can apply their expertise by designing mHealth-based interventions, employing scientific evidence, and considering the interests and preferences of the target population. Future studies will assess the user experience, the effect on breastfeeding self-efficacy, and breastfeeding rates, and develop a culturally adapted English version of the app for women in Canada.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES-SF) modified for preterm mothers in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: to conduct a cross-cultural adaptation of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) for mothers of ill and/or preterm infants among Portuguese-speaking mothers in Brazil. METHODS: a methodological study was completed, including the translation of the tool, synthesis of translations, review by experts, synthesis, reassessment of experts, back-translation, pre-test, and validation of the content. The study involved 19 participants, including a translator and experts. In addition, 18 mothers from the target population were included in the pre-test. RESULTS: the equivalences of the opinion obtained by the committee of experts were semantic (85%), idiom (89%), cultural (86%), and conceptual (94%). The content validation coefficient (CVC) on the scale was 0.93 for clarity and understanding; 0.89 for practical relevance; 0.92 for relevance; and the average overall CVC was 0.91. CONCLUSIONS: the scale was translated and adapted to the Brazilian Portuguese language, which maintained the equivalences and confirmed the content validity.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES-SF) modified for preterm mothers in Brazil / Adaptação transcultural da Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES-SF) modificada para mães de prematuros no Brasil / Adaptación transcultural de la Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES-SF) modificada para madres de prematuras en Brasil

ABSTRACT Objectives: to conduct a cross-cultural adaptation of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) for mothers of ill and/or preterm infants among Portuguese-speaking mothers in Brazil. Methods: a methodological study was completed, including the translation of the tool, synthesis of translations, review by experts, synthesis, reassessment of experts, back-translation, pre-test, and validation of the content. The study involved 19 participants, including a translator and experts. In addition, 18 mothers from the target population were included in the pre-test. Results: the equivalences of the opinion obtained by the committee of experts were semantic (85%), idiom (89%), cultural (86%), and conceptual (94%). The content validation coefficient (CVC) on the scale was 0.93 for clarity and understanding; 0.89 for practical relevance; 0.92 for relevance; and the average overall CVC was 0.91. Conclusions: the scale was translated and adapted to the Brazilian Portuguese language, which maintained the equivalences and confirmed the content validity.

RESUMO Objetivos: realizar adaptação transcultural da Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) para mães de bebês doentes e/ou prematuros para a língua portuguesa no contexto brasileiro. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo metodológico, incluindo a tradução do instrumento, síntese das traduções, revisão por especialistas, síntese, reavaliação de especialistas, retrotradução, pré-teste e validação do conteúdo. O estudo envolveu 19 participantes, incluindo os tradutores e especialistas. Além disso, 18 mães da população-alvo foram incluídas no pré-teste. Resultados: as equivalências da opinião obtida pelo comitê de especialistas foram: semântica (85%), idiomática (89%), cultural (86%) e conceitual (94%). O coeficiente de validação de conteúdo (CVC) da escala foi de 0,93 para clareza e compreensão; 0,89 para relevância prática; 0,92 para relevância; e a média geral do CVC foi de 0,91. Conclusões: a escala foi traduzida e adaptada para a língua portuguesa do Brasil, o que manteve as equivalências e confirmou a validade de conteúdo.

RESUMEN Objetivos: realizar la adaptación transcultural de la Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) para madres de niños enfermos y/o prematuros al portugués en el contexto brasileño. Métodos: se realizó un estudio metodológico que incluyó la traducción del instrumento, síntesis de traducciones, revisión por especialistas, síntesis, reevaluación por especialistas, retrotraducción, preprueba y validación de contenido. El estudio involucró a 19 participantes, incluidos traductores y expertos. Además, 18 madres de la población objetivo fueron incluidas en la preprueba. Resultados: las equivalencias de opinión obtenidas por el comité de expertos fueron: semántica (85%), idiomática (89%), cultural (86%) y conceptual (94%). El Coeficiente de Validación de Contenido (CVC) de la escala fue de 0,93 para claridad y comprensión; 0,89 para relevancia práctica; 0,92 para relevancia. El promedio general del CVC fue de 0,91. Conclusiones: la escala fue traducida y adaptada al portugués brasileño, lo que mantuvo las equivalencias y confirmó la validez de contenido.

Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative for Neonatal Wards: impact on breastfeeding practices among preterm infants.

OBJECTIVE: to assess breastfeeding support practices for preterm infants at two Baby-Friendly hospitals in southeastern Brazil, comparing the effect of implementing the guidelines for Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative for Neonatal wards. METHODS: a quasi-experimental study, pre- and post-intervention with control. Implementation of this initiative in the intervention hospital using Knowledge Translation. Data collection on compliance with the adapted Ten Steps, Three Guiding Principles and the Code before and after the intervention was carried out via interviews with mothers of preterm babies and professionals, unit observation and documentary analysis in the intervention and control hospitals. Intra-intergroup comparison was performed. RESULTS: increases in global compliance with the Three Principles, Ten Steps, the Code, partial compliance with each Principle and in most Steps was greater in the intervention hospital. Conclusion: this initiative improved practices related to breastfeeding in the intervention hospital, demonstrating the potential to improve care and breastfeeding in neonatal wards.

Implementation of a protocol for pharmacological treatment of pain in hospitalized children / Implantação de protocolo para tratamento farmacológico da dor na criança hospitalizada

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe the process of implementing a protocol for treating pain in hospitalized children, seeking to contribute to the standardization of strategies for the assessment and relief of child pain. METHODS: Convergent Care Research guided by Knowledge Translation in a pediatric unit of a university hospital in southern Brazil. In interaction with convergence groups with 66 professionals members of the medical, nursing and physiotherapy teams, elaborated motivational strategies for the participation in the collective construction process and maintenance of knowledge about pain. RESULTS: The following strategies were developed: creation of the #criançasemdor (#childrenwithoutpain) logo, distribution of a personalized kit with scales for pain assessment, illustrative folder, pain scales for the wards' clipboards, discussions of clinical cases and creation of an informative page on social network. As technical-scientific products, a pharmacological framework and a Standard Operating Procedure were prepared. CONCLUSION: The collective construction process favored the involvement of professionals in the adopted strategies, which is fundamental for the changes to be incorporated into practice. In addition, Knowledge Translation has proven to be a useful tool for improving care for hospitalized children.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o processo de implantação de protocolo para tratamento da dor na criança hospitalizada, contribuindo com a padronização de estratégias de avaliação e alívio da dor infantil. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial norteada pelo Knowledge Translation em unidade pediátrica de um hospital universitário do sul do Brasil. Interação de grupos de convergência com 66 profissionais das equipes médica, de enfermagem e de fisioterapia para a elaboração de estratégias motivacionais para participação do processo de construção coletiva e manutenção do conhecimento sobre dor. RESULTADOS: Foram desenvolvidas estratégias com a criação do logotipo #criançasemdor, distribuição de kit personalizado com escalas para avaliação da dor, folder ilustrativo, escalas de dor para as enfermarias, discussões de casos clínicos e criação de página informativa em rede social. Como produtos técnico-científicos, foram elaborados o quadro farmacológico e o Procedimento Operacional Padrão. CONCLUSÃO: O processo de construção coletiva favoreceu o envolvimento dos profissionais às estratégias adotadas, fundamentais para que as mudanças possam ser incorporadas na prática. Além disso, o Knowledge Translation demonstrou ser uma ferramenta útil para a melhoria da assistência à criança hospitalizada.

Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative for Neonatal Wards: impact on breastfeeding practices among preterm infants / Iniciativa Hospital Amigo del Niño para Unidades Neonatales: impacto en las prácticas de lactancia materna en prematuros / Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança para Unidades Neonatais: impacto nas práticas do aleitamento em prematuros

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess breastfeeding support practices for preterm infants at two Baby-Friendly hospitals in southeastern Brazil, comparing the effect of implementing the guidelines for Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative for Neonatal wards. Methods: a quasi-experimental study, pre- and post-intervention with control. Implementation of this initiative in the intervention hospital using Knowledge Translation. Data collection on compliance with the adapted Ten Steps, Three Guiding Principles and the Code before and after the intervention was carried out via interviews with mothers of preterm babies and professionals, unit observation and documentary analysis in the intervention and control hospitals. Intra-intergroup comparison was performed. Results: increases in global compliance with the Three Principles, Ten Steps, the Code, partial compliance with each Principle and in most Steps was greater in the intervention hospital. Conclusion: this initiative improved practices related to breastfeeding in the intervention hospital, demonstrating the potential to improve care and breastfeeding in neonatal wards.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar las prácticas de atención de la lactancia materna en prematuros en dos hospitales Amigo del Niño en el sureste de Brasil, comparando el efecto de la implementación de los lineamientos de la Iniciativa de Hospitales Amigos del Niño para Unidades Neonatales. Métodos: estudio cuasi-experimental, pre y post intervención con grupo control. Implementación de esta iniciativa en el hospital de intervención mediante la traducción del conocimiento. Recolección de adherencia a los Diez Pasos Adaptados, Tres Principios Rectores y Código antes y después de la intervención realizada mediante entrevistas a madres de prematuros y profesionales, observación de las unidades y análisis documentario en los hospitales de intervención y control. Se realizó una comparación intra e intergrupal. Resultados: el aumento en la adherencia global a los Tres Principios, Diez Pasos y el Código asi como la adherencia parcial a cada Principio y en la mayoría de los Pasos fue mayor en el hospital de intervención que en el control. Conclusión: esta iniciativa mejoró las prácticas relacionadas con la lactancia materna en el hospital de intervención, demostrando el potencial para mejorar la atención y la lactancia materna en las Unidades Neonatales.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar as práticas assistenciais do aleitamento materno em prematuros de dois hospitais Amigo da Criança do sudeste brasileiro, comparando o efeito da implementação das diretrizes da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança para Unidades Neonatais. Métodos: estudo quase-experimental, pré e pós-intervenção com controle. Implementação dessa Iniciativa no hospital intervenção com uso da Knowledge Translation. Coleta da adesão aos Dez Passos adaptados, Três Princípios Norteadores e Código antes e após a intervenção realizadas por entrevistas com mães de prematuros e profissionais, observação das unidades e análise documental nos hospitais intervenção e controle. Realizou-se comparação intra-intergrupos. Resultados: o aumento da adesão global aos Três Princípios e Dez Passos, Código, adesão parcial em cada Princípio e na maioria dos Passos foi maior no hospital intervenção que no controle. Conclusão: essa Iniciativa aprimorou as práticas relacionadas ao aleitamento materno no hospital intervenção, demonstrando potencial em aprimorar a assistência e a amamentação nas Unidades Neonatais.

Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative for Neonatal Wards: impact on breastfeeding practices among preterm infants / Iniciativa Hospital Amigo del Niño para Unidades Neonatales: impacto en las prácticas de lactancia materna en prematuros / Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança para Unidades Neonatais: impacto nas práticas do aleitamento em prematuros

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess breastfeeding support practices for preterm infants at two Baby-Friendly hospitals in southeastern Brazil, comparing the effect of implementing the guidelines for Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative for Neonatal wards. Methods: a quasi-experimental study, pre- and post-intervention with control. Implementation of this initiative in the intervention hospital using Knowledge Translation. Data collection on compliance with the adapted Ten Steps, Three Guiding Principles and the Code before and after the intervention was carried out via interviews with mothers of preterm babies and professionals, unit observation and documentary analysis in the intervention and control hospitals. Intra-intergroup comparison was performed. Results: increases in global compliance with the Three Principles, Ten Steps, the Code, partial compliance with each Principle and in most Steps was greater in the intervention hospital. Conclusion: this initiative improved practices related to breastfeeding in the intervention hospital, demonstrating the potential to improve care and breastfeeding in neonatal wards.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar las prácticas de atención de la lactancia materna en prematuros en dos hospitales Amigo del Niño en el sureste de Brasil, comparando el efecto de la implementación de los lineamientos de la Iniciativa de Hospitales Amigos del Niño para Unidades Neonatales. Métodos: estudio cuasi-experimental, pre y post intervención con grupo control. Implementación de esta iniciativa en el hospital de intervención mediante la traducción del conocimiento. Recolección de adherencia a los Diez Pasos Adaptados, Tres Principios Rectores y Código antes y después de la intervención realizada mediante entrevistas a madres de prematuros y profesionales, observación de las unidades y análisis documentario en los hospitales de intervención y control. Se realizó una comparación intra e intergrupal. Resultados: el aumento en la adherencia global a los Tres Principios, Diez Pasos y el Código asi como la adherencia parcial a cada Principio y en la mayoría de los Pasos fue mayor en el hospital de intervención que en el control. Conclusión: esta iniciativa mejoró las prácticas relacionadas con la lactancia materna en el hospital de intervención, demostrando el potencial para mejorar la atención y la lactancia materna en las Unidades Neonatales.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar as práticas assistenciais do aleitamento materno em prematuros de dois hospitais Amigo da Criança do sudeste brasileiro, comparando o efeito da implementação das diretrizes da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança para Unidades Neonatais. Métodos: estudo quase-experimental, pré e pós-intervenção com controle. Implementação dessa Iniciativa no hospital intervenção com uso da Knowledge Translation. Coleta da adesão aos Dez Passos adaptados, Três Princípios Norteadores e Código antes e após a intervenção realizadas por entrevistas com mães de prematuros e profissionais, observação das unidades e análise documental nos hospitais intervenção e controle. Realizou-se comparação intra-intergrupos. Resultados: o aumento da adesão global aos Três Princípios e Dez Passos, Código, adesão parcial em cada Princípio e na maioria dos Passos foi maior no hospital intervenção que no controle. Conclusão: essa Iniciativa aprimorou as práticas relacionadas ao aleitamento materno no hospital intervenção, demonstrando potencial em aprimorar a assistência e a amamentação nas Unidades Neonatais.

Colonization by multidrug-resistant microorganisms of hospitalized newborns and their mothers in the neonatal unit context.

INTRODUCTION: The mother plays a fundamental role in the constitution and regulation of her child's healthy microbiota, however, preterm newborns are separated from their mothers soon after birth and transferred to Neonatal Intensive Care Units, being exposed the constant risk for the development of multidrug-resistant microorganisms' infections. The aim of this study was to explore the multidrug-resistant microorganism colonization of hospitalized babies and their mothers in the neonatal unit context. METHODOLOGY: A prospective case study conducted with hospitalized babies and their mothers in the Neonatal Unit at a university hospital. The sample was composed of 433 binomials (mother-child). Colonization culture samples were taken at the moment of the baby's discharge, via two swabs in the oral, nasal, axillary, inguinal, and rectal regions. RESULTS: The colonization incidence among the binomials, 30 (6.9%) were both colonized by multi-resistant microorganisms. Mothers of colonized babies (24.4%) demonstrated a higher chance of colonization in comparison to mothers of non-colonized babies (11.9%) (p = 0.002). Relationships were drawn between baby colonization and prematurity, extremely low birth weight, and non-exclusive maternal breastfeeding (p<0.05). ESBL-producing Gram-negative microorganisms were more frequent in the cultures of the binomials, with 35.9% of the babies colonized with Klebsiella spp. ESBL and 42.0% of the mothers with Escherichia coli ESBL. Furthermore, 50% of the binomials were colonized with E. coli ESBL. CONCLUSION: The prematurity, extremely low birth weight, and non-exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge were associated with baby colonization by multidrug-resistant microorganism. Furthermore, mothers of colonized children presented higher chances of colonization.

Elaboration, validation and reliability of the safety protocol for pediatric thirst management.

OBJECTIVE: to elaborate, validate and evaluate the reliability of the Safety Protocol for Pediatric Thirst Management in the immediate postoperative period. METHOD: methodological quantitative research, based on the assumptions on measurement instrument development. The protocol was elaborated after literature review, interview with specialists and observation of the child's anesthetic recovery. The judges performed theoretical validation through apparent, semantic and content analysis. Content Validity Index was calculated for content validation, whose minimum established concordance was 0.80. Protocol's reliability was evaluated in children between three and 12 years old in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit. RESULTS: in its final version, the protocol consisted of five evaluation criteria: level of consciousness, movement, airway protection, breathing pattern and nausea and vomiting. It presented easy comprehension and relevant content, and all indexes exceeded the minimum agreement of 0.80. Pairs of nurses applied the protocol 116 times to 58 children, resulting in a high reliability index (kappa general = 0.98) Conclusion: the unprecedented protocol developed is valid and is a useful tool for use in anesthetic recovery, aiming to assess safety for reducing the thirst of infant patients.

Colonization profile and duration by multi-resistant organisms in a prospective cohort of newborns after hospital discharge.

The aim of this study was to determine the spontaneous decolonization period and characteristics in a prospective cohort of newborns colonized by multidrug-resistant organisms, after their discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. Multidrug resistance is defined as bacterial non-susceptibility to ≥ 1 agent of ≥ 3 antimicrobial categories. In total, 618 newborns were included in the study, of which 173 (28.0%) presented a positive culture for multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and of these, 52 (30.1%) were followed up in this study. The most frequent intrinsic factors were be born by cesarean section (86.5%), prematurity (84.6%), and very low birth weight (76.9%). The extrinsic factors were having remained hospitalized for an average of 27 days, during which 67.3% were submitted to invasive procedures and 88.5% received antimicrobials. The intrinsic and extrinsic factors of newborns were not associated to a decolonization period longer or shorter than 3 months, which was the average period of decolonization found in the present study. From the totality of colonization cultures sampled at hospital discharge, the Gram-negative Extended Spectrum ß-lactamase producing bacteria were the most common, with 28.9% of babies colonized by Klebsiella spp. The median period of decolonization by multidrug-resistant microorganisms in the newborns population after hospital discharge was 3 months, but was highly dependent on the microbial species, and this period was not associated to any intrinsic and extrinsic factors of the newborn.

The management of pediatric pain and the perception of the nursing team in light of the Social Communication Model of Pain / O manejo da dor pediátrica e a percepção da equipe de enfermagem à luz do Modelo Sócio Comunicativo da Dor

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pain is a multidimensional experience, and its management depends on both the professional's sensitivity and their ability to choose strategies for measurement and relief. The nursing team plays a fundamental role in this process since the assessment of pain in a systematic way provides the right therapeutic measures to the child. The present study aimed to evaluate pain and analgesia in the medical records and to understand the perception of the nursing team regarding the management of pain in hospitalized children. METHODS: Qualitative, descriptive, exploratory research carried out in a tertiary level state university hospital. Data collection included patients hospitalized in a pediatric inpatient unit and a semi-structured interview with 24 members of the nursing team. A thematic analysis proposed by Minayo was used for data analysis. The analysis was performed following the Social Communication Model of Pain. RESULTS: Eighty medical records were analyzed, and although pain is considered the fifth vital sign, most of the nurse prescriptions for pain remain blank in the medical records The participants' reports resulted in three categories: the naturalness of the pain in hospitalized children; the responsibility of the nursing team before the 5th vital sign; pain management. CONCLUSION: Paying attention to the painful process of a child requires some skills from the professional to identify, assess, use proper instruments, understand the feelings involved in the process, and entail care in the prioritization of pediatric pain management.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor é uma experiência multidimensional e seu tratamento depende tanto da sensibilidade dos profissionais quanto de sua competência na escolha das estratégias para mensuração e alívio. A enfermagem possui papel fundamental nesse processo, sendo que a avaliação da dor, de maneira sistematizada, proporciona à criança medidas terapêuticas adequadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os registros sobre a avaliação da dor e analgesia nos prontuários e compreender a percepção da equipe de enfermagem quanto ao tratamento da dor da criança hospitalizada. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva exploratória realizada em um hospital universitário estadual e de nível terciário. A coleta de dados contemplou prontuários de crianças hospitalizadas em unidade de internação pediátrica e entrevista semiestruturada individual com 24 membros da equipe de enfermagem. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se a análise temática proposta por Minayo. A análise foi realizada à luz do marco conceitual Social Communication Model of Pain. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 80 prontuários, e mesmo com a dor sendo considerada como quinto sinal vital, a maior parte dos registros da dor em prescrições de enfermagem permaneceu em branco. Os relatos das participantes resultaram em três categorias: naturalização da dor na criança hospitalizada; responsabilização da enfermagem diante do quinto sinal vital; manejo da dor. CONCLUSÃO: Prestar o cuidado frente ao processo doloroso de uma criança exige habilidades do profissional para identificar, avaliar, utilizar instrumentos adequados, compreender sentimentos envolvidos no processo e significar o cuidado na priorização da assistência à dor pediátrica.

Elaboration, validation and reliability of the safety protocol for pediatric thirst management / Elaboração, validação e fidedignidade do protocolo de segurança para o manejo da sede pediátrica / Desarrollo, validación y confiabilidad del protocolo de seguridad para el manejo de la sed pediátrica

Objective: to elaborate, validate and evaluate the reliability of the Safety Protocol for Pediatric Thirst Management in the immediate postoperative period. Method: methodological quantitative research, based on the assumptions on measurement instrument development. The protocol was elaborated after literature review, interview with specialists and observation of the child's anesthetic recovery. The judges performed theoretical validation through apparent, semantic and content analysis. Content Validity Index was calculated for content validation, whose minimum established concordance was 0.80. Protocol's reliability was evaluated in children between three and 12 years old in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit. Results: in its final version, the protocol consisted of five evaluation criteria: level of consciousness, movement, airway protection, breathing pattern and nausea and vomiting. It presented easy comprehension and relevant content, and all indexes exceeded the minimum agreement of 0.80. Pairs of nurses applied the protocol 116 times to 58 children, resulting in a high reliability index (kappa general = 0.98) Conclusion: the unprecedented protocol developed is valid and is a useful tool for use in anesthetic recovery, aiming to assess safety for reducing the thirst of infant patients.

Objetivo: elaborar, validar e avaliar a fidedignidade do Protocolo de Segurança para o Manejo da Sede Pediátrica no pós-operatório imediato. Método: pesquisa metodológica, quantitativa, baseada nos pressupostos para elaboração de instrumentos de mensuração. Elaborou-se o protocolo após revisão de literatura, entrevista com especialistas e observação da recuperação anestésica da criança. Juízes realizaram a validação teórica por meio de análise aparente, semântica e de conteúdo. Calculou-se o Content Validity Index na validação de conteúdo, cuja concordância mínima estabelecida foi de 0,80. Avaliou-se a fidedignidade do protocolo em crianças entre três e 12 anos em sala de recuperação anestésica. Resultados: em sua versão final, o protocolo foi constituído por cinco critérios de avaliação: nível de consciência, movimentação, proteção de vias áreas, padrão respiratório e náusea e vômito. Apresentou fácil compreensão e conteúdo pertinente e relevante, e todos os índices superaram a concordância mínima de 0,80. Duplas de enfermeiros aplicaram o protocolo 116 vezes em 58 crianças, resultando em elevado índice de fidedignidade (kappa geral = 0,98) Conclusão: o protocolo inédito elaborado tem validade e é ferramenta útil para utilização na recuperação anestésica, visando avaliar a segurança para a redução da sede do paciente infantil.

Objetivo: elaborar, validar y evaluar la confiabilidad del Protocolo de Seguridad para el Manejo de la Sed Pediátrica en el postoperatorio inmediato. Método: investigación cuantitativa, metodológica, basada en los presupuestos para la elaboración de instrumentos de medición. El protocolo se elaboró después de la revisión de la literatura, entrevista con especialistas y observación de la recuperación anestésica del niño. Los jueces realizaron la validación teórica a través del análisis aparente, semántico y de contenido. El Content Validity Index se calculó para la validación de contenido, cuya concordancia mínima fue de 0,80. La fiabilidad del protocolo se evaluó en niños entre tres y 12 años en la sala de recuperación anestésica. Resultados: en su versión final, el protocolo consistió en cinco criterios de evaluación: nivel de conciencia, movimiento, protección de las vías respiratorias, patrón respiratorio y náuseas y vómitos. Presentó fácil comprensión, con contenido pertinente y relevante, siendo que todos los índices excedían la concordancia mínima de 0,80. Parejas de enfermeros aplicaron el protocolo 116 veces a 58 niños, lo que resultó en un índice de alta confiabilidad (kappa general = 0,98). Conclusión: el protocolo desarrollado, que reviste carácter inédito, es válido y puede considerarse como herramienta útil para su uso en la recuperación anestésica, con el objetivo de evaluar la seguridad para reducción de la sed del paciente infantil.

Menthol chewing gum on preoperative thirst management: randomized clinical trial. / Goma de mascar mentolada no manejo da sede pré-operatória: ensaio clínico randomizado.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effectiveness of menthol chewing gum, in the relief of the intensity and discomfort of the surgical patient's thirst in the preoperative period. METHOD: a randomized controlled trial, with 102 patients in the preoperative period, randomized in a control group, with usual care, and an experimental group, which received menthol gum, which was the study treatment variable. The primary clinical outcome was the variation in thirst intensity, evaluated by the Numeral Verbal Scale, and the secondary, the variation of the discomfort of thirst, evaluated by the Perioperative Thirst Discomfort Scale. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare measures between groups. The significance level adopted was of 0.05. RESULTS: menthol chewing gum significantly reduced the intensity (p <0.001), with Cohen's medium-effect d, and thirst discomfort (p <0.001), with a large-effect Cohen's d. CONCLUSION: menthol chewing gum was effective in reducing the intensity and discomfort of preoperative thirst. The strategy proved to be an innovative, feasible and safe option in the use for the surgical patient, in the management of the preoperative thirst, in elective surgeries. NCT: 03200197.

Prematuro alimentado com leite humano versus leite humano acrescido de FM85® / Prematuro alimentado con leche humana versus leche humana suplementada con FM85® / Premature infants fed with human milk versus human milk enhanced with FM85®

Resumo Objetivo Comparar o crescimento de recém-nascidos prematuros de muito baixo peso internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, alimentados com LHP e LHP acrescido de suplemento comercial. Métodos Trata-se de uma série de casos, com delineamento longitudinal. População e amostra composta por todos os prontuários de RNPTMBP com menos de 36 semanas de idade gestacional e peso menor que 1.500g que responderam aos seguintes critérios de inclusão: clinicamente estáveis, de qualquer sexo, em uso de qualquer tipo de sonda pelo qual receberam leite humano pasteurizado e/ou que receberam leite humano pasteurizado com aditivo de fortificante comercial FM85®, e, que não apresentavam patologias que pudessem interferir no crescimento e ganho de peso. A partir do levantamento, constituiu-se dois grupos: recém-nascidos pré-termo de muito baixo peso que receberam leite humano pasteurizado (Grupo A) e os que receberam leite humano pasteurizado acrescido de FM85® (Grupo B). Resultados verificou-se que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os recém-nascidos pré-termo de muito baixo peso avaliados na comparação entre os dois grupos e entre o grupo analisado em dois momentos com as diferentes dietas. Observou-se, que a idade gestacional influenciou no ganho de peso diário em ambas as comparações. Conclusão Concluiu-se que as duas dietas utilizadas não implicaram em diferença estatisticamente significativas no crescimento quando comparados os dois grupos.

Resumen Objetivo comparar el crecimiento de recién nacidos prematuros de muy bajo peso internados en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, alimentados con LHP y LHP con suplemento comercial. Métodos se trata de una serie de casos, con delineamiento longitudinal. Población y muestra compuesta por todas las historias clínicas de los RNPT MBP con menos de 36 semanas de edad gestacional y peso menor a 1.500 g que respondían los siguientes criterios de inclusión: clínicamente estable, de cualquier sexo, en uso de cualquier tipo de sonda por la cual recibe leche humana pasteurizada o leche humana pasteurizada con suplemento fortificador comercial FM85® y que no presente patologías que puedan interferir en el crecimiento y aumento de peso. A partir del análisis, se formaron dos grupos: recién nacidos pretérmino de muy bajo peso que recibieron leche humana pasteurizada (Grupo A) y los que recibieron leche humana pasteurizada suplementada con FM85® (Grupo B). Resultados se comprobó que no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los recién nacidos pretérmino de muy bajo peso analizados respecto a la comparación entre los dos grupos y entre el grupo analizado en dos momentos con las diferentes dietas. Se observó que la edad gestacional influyó en el aumento de peso diario en ambas comparaciones. Conclusión se concluyó que las dos dietas utilizadas no implicaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el crecimiento cuando se compararon los dos grupos.

Abstract Objective To compare the growth of very low birth weight preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, fed with pasteurized human milk and pasteurized human milk plus a commercial supplement. Methods This was a series of cases, with a longitudinal design. Population and sample were comprised of all the records of infants less than 36 weeks gestational age, weighing less than 1,500 grams, who met the following inclusion criteria: clinically stable, of either sex, without diseases that could interfere in the growth and weight gain, using any type of tube through which they received pasteurized human milk and/or pasteurized human milk enhanced with FM85®, a commercial fortifying additive. Two groups were created: very low birth weight infants who received pasteurized human milk (Group A) and those who received pasteurized human milk enhanced with FM85® (Group B). Results No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups of very low preterm newborns, with the different diets evaluated at two different times. The gestational age influenced daily weight gain in both comparisons. Conclusion No statistically significant difference in growth was identified when comparing the two groups.

Package of menthol measures for thirst relief: a randomized clinical study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the menthol package (lip hydration and ice popsicles) compared to a package of non-menthol measures (lip hydration and ice popsicles) as a way to relieve thirst in patients in the Anesthetic Recovery Room. METHOD: Randomized and parallel trial study, with 120 patients randomized patients in an experimental group - menthol measurements (n=59) and control group - measures without menthol (n = 61). RESULTS: There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in intensity, hydration, dryness and taste in the oral cavity between the three moments of assessment/intervention in the two groups. The difference was significant in the experimental group for thirst intensity at the second assessment/intervention point (p<0.05) after a single administration of the menthol package. CONCLUSION: There was a reduction in thirst intensity in both groups. Patients who received menthol packages showed a significant decrease in intensity after a single evaluation/intervention time. NCT: 02869139.

Package of menthol measures for thirst relief: a randomized clinical study / Paquete de medidas mentoladas para el alivio de lased: estudio clínico aleatorizado / Pacote de medidas mentoladas para o alívio da sede: estudo clínico randomizado

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the menthol package (lip hydration and ice popsicles) compared to a package of non-menthol measures (lip hydration and ice popsicles) as a way to relieve thirst in patients in the Anesthetic Recovery Room. Method: Randomized and parallel trial study, with 120 patients randomized patients in an experimental group - menthol measurements (n=59) and control group - measures without menthol (n = 61). Results: There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in intensity, hydration, dryness and taste in the oral cavity between the three moments of assessment/intervention in the two groups. The difference was significant in the experimental group for thirst intensity at the second assessment/intervention point (p<0.05) after a single administration of the menthol package. Conclusion: There was a reduction in thirst intensity in both groups. Patients who received menthol packages showed a significant decrease in intensity after a single evaluation/intervention time. NCT: 02869139.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del paquete de medidas mentoladas (hidratación labial y picolé de hielo) comparado a un paquete de medidas no mentoladas (hidratación labial y picolé de hielo) como un método de alivio de la sed en pacientes en la Sala de Recuperación Post-Anestésica. Método: En un ensayo clínico aleatorizado, paralelo, 120 pacientes aleatorizados en un grupo experimental - medidas mentoladas (n=59) y un grupo control - medidas sin el mentol (n=61). Resultados: Hubo una disminución significativa (p<0,05) sobre la intensidad, hidratación, sequedad y gusto en la cavidad oral entre los tres momentos de evaluación/intervención en los dos grupos, indistintamente. La diferencia fue significativa en el grupo experimental para la intensidad de la sed en el segundo momento de la evaluación/intervención (p<0,05) después de una única administración del paquete de medidas mentoladas. Conclusión: Se encontró una reducción de la intensidad de la sed en los dos grupos. Los pacientes que recibieron las medidas mentoladas presentaron una disminución significativa de la intensidad después de un único momento de evaluación/intervención. NCT: 02869139.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do pacote de medidas mentoladas (hidratação labial e picolé de gelo) comparado a um pacote de medidas não mentoladas (hidratação labial e picolé de gelo) como método de alívio da sede em pacientes na Sala de Recuperação Anestésica. Método: Ensaio clínico randomizado, paralelo, 120 pacientes aleatorizados em grupo experimental - medidas mentoladas (n=59) e grupo controle - medidas sem o mentol (n=61). Resultados: Houve diminuição significativa (p<0,05) sobre a intensidade, hidratação, secura e gosto na cavidade oral entre os três momentos de avaliação/intervenção nos dois grupos indistintamente. A diferença foi significativa no grupo experimental para intensidade da sede no segundo momento de avaliação/intervenção (p<0,05) após uma única administração do pacote de medidas mentoladas. Conclusão: Houve redução da intensidade da sede nos dois grupos. Os pacientes que receberam as medidas mentoladas apresentaram diminuição significativa da intensidade após um único momento de avaliação/intervenção. A NCT: 02869139.

Effect of chewing gum on thirst: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze the evidence on the effect of chewing gum on thirst in adults. METHOD: Integrative review, guided by the question: "What is the scientific evidence about the effects of chewing gum on adult's thirst?" LILACS, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were the databases consulted. RESULTS: Of a total of 2,414 articles found, 12 papers were selected whose publications varied between 1991 and 2016. The use of chewing gum resulted in increased salivary volume (five studies), xerostomia relief (seven studies), and thirst reduction (four studies). It was not possible to establish the number of chewing gums per day, being frequent the recommendation to use as desired. There was a predominance of studies with patients under dialysis and with cancer. CONCLUSION: Chewing gum is an effective strategy to reduce thirst discomfort in adults.

Effect of chewing gum on thirst: an integrative review / Efecto de la goma de mascar sobre la sed: revisión integrativa / Efeito da goma de mascar sobre a sede: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and analyze the evidence on the effect of chewing gum on thirst in adults. Method: Integrative review, guided by the question: "What is the scientific evidence about the effects of chewing gum on adult's thirst?" LILACS, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were the databases consulted. Results: Of a total of 2,414 articles found, 12 papers were selected whose publications varied between 1991 and 2016. The use of chewing gum resulted in increased salivary volume (five studies), xerostomia relief (seven studies), and thirst reduction (four studies). It was not possible to establish the number of chewing gums per day, being frequent the recommendation to use as desired. There was a predominance of studies with patients under dialysis and with cancer. Conclusion: Chewing gum is an effective strategy to reduce thirst discomfort in adults.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar y analizar las evidencias en cuanto al efecto de la goma de mascar sobre la sed en adultos. Método: Revisión integrativa, orientada por la cuestión: "¿Cuáles son las evidencias científicas acerca de los efectos de la goma de mascar sobre la sed en adultos?" Las bases de datos consultadas fueron: LILACS, PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. Resultados: De un total de 2.414 artículos encontrados, se seleccionaron 12 trabajos cuyas publicaciones variaron entre los años 1991 y 2016. El uso de la goma de mascar resultó en el aumento del volumen salivar (cinco estudios), en el alivio de la xerostomía (siete estudios) y en la reducción de la sed (cuatro estudios). No fue posible establecer el número de gomas al día, siendo frecuente la recomendación de utilizarse según lo deseado. Hubo predominio de estudios con pacientes dialíticos y con pacientes con cáncer. Conclusión: La goma de mascar es una estrategia efectiva para reducir la molestia de la sed en adultos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar e analisar as evidências quanto ao efeito da goma de mascar sobre a sede em adultos. Método: Revisão integrativa, norteada pela questão: "Quais são as evidências científicas acerca dos efeitos da goma de mascar sobre a sede em adultos?" As bases de dados consultadas foram: LILACS, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science. Resultados: De um total de 2.414 artigos encontrados, selecionaram-se 12 trabalhos cujas publicações variaram entre os anos de 1991 e 2016. O uso da goma de mascar resultou no aumento do volume salivar (cinco estudos), no alívio da xerostomia (sete estudos) e na redução da sede (quatro estudos). Não foi possível estabelecer o número de gomas por dia, sendo frequente a recomendação de utilizar-se conforme desejado. Houve predomínio de estudos com pacientes dialíticos e com pacientes oncológicos. Conclusão: A goma de mascar é uma estratégia efetiva para reduzir o desconforto da sede em adultos.

Caracterização dos óbitos infantis por broncoaspiração, sufocação e síndrome da morte súbita / Characterization of infant deaths by aspiration, suffocation and sudden infant death syndrome

Objetivo: descrever e comparar as características relacionadas aos óbitos por causas evitáveis, como a brocoaspiração, sufocação e síndrome da morte súbita, buscando a definição de um perfil comum. Método: trata-se de um estudo de caso, retrospectivo, no qual, foram analisadas as fichas de investigação de óbito infantil, declaração de óbito e declaração de nascido vivo por um período de doze anos. Resultados: dos 944 óbitos ocorridos, 70 (7,4%) deles tiveram como causa básica de morte a broncoaspiração (45), sufocação (11) ou síndrome da morte súbita (14). O perfil mais frequente encontrado foi: a idade do óbito - pós-neonatal; o local de morte - no domicilio; história de coleito presente; crianças em bom estado de saúde; idade materna entre 20 a 34 anos; baixo nível sócio econômico; fumantes; crianças do sexo masculino; cor branca. Conclusão: reconhecer o perfil desses óbitos irá auxiliar em estratégias de prevenção e redução dos óbitos infantis(AU)

Objective: to describe and compare the characteristics related to deaths due to preventable causes, such as brokering, suffocation and sudden death syndrome, seeking a definition of a common profile. Method: this is a retrospective, unqualified case study, being analyzed as records of infant death, declaration of death and declaration of live baby for a period of twelve years. Results: of the 944 deaths, 70 (7.4%) had basic death due to bronchoaspiration (45), suffocation (11) or sudden death syndrome (14). The most frequent profile was: the age of death - post-neonatal; the place of death - at the address; history of present coleite; children in good health; maternal age between 20 and 34 years; neutron partner; smoking; male children; White color. Conclusion: recognizing the list of auxiliary procedures data on strategies to prevent and reduce infant deaths(AU)

Práticas populares no cuidado infantil: percepção das mães / Popular practices in child care: mothers' perceptions

Objetivo: descrever a percepção das mães no uso das práticas populares prestados à criança no domicílio. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com dez mães de crianças até dois anos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista gravada em uma unidade básica de saúde e submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: três categorias emergiram a partir da análise dos discursos: 1) Os papéis da família no cuidado à criança; 2) As práticas populares como cultura familiar no cuidado infantil; e 3) A crença em benzedeiras como recurso de prática popular. Conclusão: o uso das práticas populares se mantém forte no contexto social e cultural das famílias, principalmente influenciado pelas avós. Assim, há necessidade de instrumentalização da equipe de saúde para o bom uso dessas práticas a favor da promoção da saúde infantil e o reconhecimento da enfermagem em sua prática profissional. (AU)